The product of 8 years in the making, the revolutionary molecule retinyl retinoate fuses traditional retinol and the active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid. Its encapsulated form is unique to Medik8 formulas. 8 times more potent than retinol[1], retinyl retinoate is direct-acting and does not have to be converted into retinoic acid like other forms of vitamin A. It helps stimulate cell regeneration and support collagen synthesis, resulting in a visibly smoother, firmer, and more radiant eye area. Although incredibly potent, retinyl retinoate has been shown to be extremely gentle on the skin, making it perfect for the delicate eye area. This form of vitamin A is also photostable, meaning it doesn’t break down in sunlight and is suitable for use both day and night. Humectants hyaluronic acid and glycerin infuse hydration into the skin for a visibly smoothed and plumped eye contour. r-Retinoate Day & Night Eye Serum is optimized for the eyes, with two additional actives, hesperidin and caffeine, which work to blur the appearance of dark circles, resulting in a visibly awakened eye area. How to use After cleansing in the morning and evening, apply r-Retinoate Day & Night Eye Serum around the eye area, carefully avoiding the eyelids. Always wear sunscreen in the morning while using vitamin A. Ingredients Retinyl Retinoate Patented encapsulated retinyl retinoate, exclusive to Medik8. 8 times more potent than retinol[1] this non-irritating vitamin A helps stimulate collagen synthesis and promotes skin cell regeneration. [1] H. Kim et al., Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl retinoate, a novel hybrid retinoid derivative, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2008, 15;16(12), pp 6387-93Hesperidin Also known as vitamin P, hesperidin is used as a brightening agent as it helps suppress melanin transport in the skin, leading to a reduction in the appearance of dark circles for more awake eyes. Caffeine Great for reducing the appearance of puffiness and dark circles, caffeine is known to be a vasoconstrictor which can help diminish the appearance of dark circles while visibly firming and lifting the entire eye area. Multi-Weight Hyaluronic Acid With a unique ability to attract and retain over 1,000 times its own weight in water, hyaluronic acid draws moisture from the lower layers of the skin to provide intense hydration. Glycerin As a natural humectant, glycerin traps water within the skin to leave it feeling hydrated and comfortable. NO ARTIFICIAL FRAGRANCES VEGAN PRODUCT NO SYNTHETIC COLORS PARABEN FREE ZIPPER FOUNDATION DOES NOT CONTAIN PHTHALATES